紧急补位！瓦斯发电机组成能源转型关键，我国占比不足1%，发展缺口亟待填补

　　Urgent replacement! Gas generators are a key component of energy transformation, accounting for less than 1% in China, and the development gap urgently needs to be filled

　　今年7月，我国月度全社会用电规模首次突破万亿千瓦时大关，新能源占比持续攀升，但能源转型与电网安全保障的双重需求，让瓦斯发电机组的战略价值愈发凸显。作为以煤矿瓦斯、垃圾填埋气等为燃料的清洁发电装备，瓦斯发电机组不仅能实现“变废为宝”，更能为电网提供灵活调节、稳定供电支撑，是我国能源结构转型中不可或缺的重要力量。然而现状令人担忧：我国瓦斯发电占比不足1%，远低于全球平均水平，与美国、欧洲等地区差距显著，相较于我国3.2%的气电整体占比，瓦斯发电的发展缺口尤为突出，亟待快速推进。

　　In July of this year, the monthly total electricity consumption in China exceeded one trillion kilowatt hours for the first time, and the proportion of new energy continued to rise. However, the dual needs of energy transformation and power grid security have made the strategic value of gas generators increasingly prominent. As a clean power generation equipment that uses coal mine gas, landfill gas, and other fuels, gas generators can not only turn waste into treasure, but also provide flexible regulation and stable power supply support for the power grid. They are an indispensable force in China's energy structure transformation. However, the current situation is worrying: the proportion of gas power generation in China is less than 1%, far below the global average, and there is a significant gap with regions such as the United States and Europe. Compared with the overall proportion of gas power in China, which is 3.2%, the development gap of gas power generation is particularly prominent and urgently needs to be promoted.

　　发展瓦斯发电机组，是我国能源转型的必然选择，更是实现降碳减排的关键抓手。当前全球发电结构中，煤炭占比34%，气电占比22%，而瓦斯发电作为气电的重要分支，减排效果更为显著——瓦斯发电机组燃烧效率达35%-42%，碳排放强度仅为燃煤机组的一半，每台10兆瓦级瓦斯发电机组每年可减少燃煤消耗约9万吨，减少二氧化碳排放18万吨，同时能有效杜绝瓦斯直接放空或燃烧带来的二次污染，完美契合“双碳”目标与环保合规要求。美国通过煤改气及瓦斯资源化利用，仅气电替代就减少二氧化碳排放5亿吨，而我国山西、贵州等煤炭主产区，每年仍有大量瓦斯被放空，若全部通过瓦斯发电机组转化为电力，年减排潜力可达数千万吨。

　　Developing gas power generation units is not only an inevitable choice for China's energy transformation, but also a key lever for achieving carbon reduction and emission reduction. In the current global power generation structure, coal accounts for 34%, and gas power accounts for 22%. As an important branch of gas power, gas power generation has a more significant emission reduction effect - the combustion efficiency of gas power generation units is 35% -42%, and the carbon emission intensity is only half of that of coal power generation units. Each 10 MW gas power generation unit can reduce the coal consumption by about 90000 tons every year and reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by 180000 tons. At the same time, it can effectively eliminate the secondary pollution caused by the direct venting or burning of gas, which perfectly meets the "dual carbon" goal and environmental compliance requirements. The United States has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 500 million tons through coal to gas and gas resource utilization, replacing gas with electricity alone. However, in China's major coal producing areas such as Shanxi and Guizhou, a large amount of gas is still released every year. If all of it is converted into electricity through gas generators, the annual emission reduction potential can reach tens of millions of tons.

　　瓦斯发电机组的核心优势的是灵活性突出，能精准适配新能源大规模并网后的电网调节需求。与传统煤电机组不同，瓦斯发电机组启停迅速，冷启动时间仅需30-60秒，每年可实现300次以上启停，远超煤电机组极限，能高效应对风电、光电的间歇性波动，为新能源消纳腾挪空间。欧洲可再生能源发展领先，核心原因之一就是气电（含瓦斯发电）基数大，希腊气电占比38%、风光占比43%，而瓦斯发电作为重要补充，为电网提供了稳定支撑；我国江苏、浙江等新能源富集地区，随着风电、光电装机增加，电网调节压力剧增，瓦斯发电机组的灵活调节能力，成为破解新能源消纳难题的关键。

　　The core advantage of gas power generation units is their outstanding flexibility, which can accurately adapt to the grid regulation needs after large-scale integration of new energy. Unlike traditional coal-fired power units, gas generators start and stop quickly, with a cold start time of only 30-60 seconds. They can achieve more than 300 starts and stops per year, far exceeding the limit of coal-fired power units. They can efficiently cope with the intermittent fluctuations of wind and solar power, and provide space for the consumption of new energy. One of the core reasons for the leading development of renewable energy in Europe is the large base of gas power (including gas power generation), with gas power accounting for 38% and wind and solar power accounting for 43% in Greece. Gas power generation, as an important supplement, provides stable support for the power grid; In China's new energy rich regions such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with the increase of wind power and photovoltaic installed capacity, the pressure of power grid regulation has sharply increased. The flexible adjustment ability of gas generator units has become the key to solving the problem of new energy consumption.

　　同时，瓦斯发电机组更是保障电网安全的“压舱石”。其技术成熟、供应稳定，可在风光出力不足时快速补位，保障电力供应不间断。去年11月底欧洲出现“无光无风”极端天气，燃气发电（含瓦斯发电）天然气消耗量激增50%，成功守住电网安全底线；我国北京在实现本地100%燃气发电后，30%的本地燃气供电（含瓦斯发电）为外调绿电提供了稳定支撑，印证了瓦斯发电在电网安全保障中的重要作用。此外，我国瓦斯资源储量丰富，预测煤层气地质储量约36.8万亿立方米，可采储量达10.87万亿立方米，为瓦斯发电机组的规模化发展提供了坚实的资源基础。

　　At the same time, gas generators are the "ballast stone" that ensures the safety of the power grid. Its technology is mature and the supply is stable, which can quickly compensate for insufficient wind and solar power output, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. At the end of November last year, Europe experienced extreme weather conditions of "no light, no wind", and natural gas consumption for gas-fired power generation (including gas power generation) surged by 50%, successfully maintaining the safety bottom line of the power grid; After achieving 100% local gas-fired power generation in Beijing, China, 30% of local gas-fired power supply (including gas power generation) provides stable support for external green power transmission, confirming the important role of gas power generation in ensuring grid security. In addition, China has abundant reserves of gas resources, with a predicted geological reserve of approximately 36.8 trillion cubic meters of coalbed methane and a recoverable reserve of 10.87 trillion cubic meters, providing a solid resource foundation for the large-scale development of gas power generation units.

　　尽管战略价值突出，但我国瓦斯发电机组发展缓慢，除资源禀赋分布不均外，价格机制不完善是主要障碍。瓦斯发电机组作为备份电源，常年处于待命调度状态，其调节价值、备用价值未在上网电价中充分体现，导致企业投资积极性不足。当前全球瓦斯发电市场持续升温，2024年全球相关机组订单同比增长30%以上，而我国瓦斯发电市场规模仅380亿元，预计2030年才能突破620亿元，与能源转型需求严重不符。

　　Despite its outstanding strategic value, the development of gas power generation units in China has been slow. In addition to uneven distribution of resource endowments, the imperfect pricing mechanism is the main obstacle. As a backup power source, the gas generator set is always in a standby dispatch state, and its regulation value and backup value are not fully reflected in the grid electricity price, resulting in insufficient investment enthusiasm of enterprises. The current global gas power generation market continues to heat up, with global orders for related units increasing by more than 30% year-on-year in 2024. However, the size of China's gas power generation market is only 38 billion yuan, and it is expected to exceed 62 billion yuan by 2030, which is seriously inconsistent with the demand for energy transformation.

　　业内专家表示，可再生能源越发展，越需要瓦斯发电机组做支撑。我国瓦斯发电的发展，已不是“要不要发展”的问题，而是“必须快速发展”的问题。未来需完善价格机制，将瓦斯发电机组的调节、备用价值纳入电价体系，同时加大技术研发投入，提升低浓度瓦斯利用效率，推动瓦斯发电机组与新能源协同发展，填补发展缺口，让这一“变废为宝”的装备，真正成为我国能源转型与电网安全保障的核心力量。

　　Industry experts say that the more renewable energy develops, the more it needs gas generators as support. The development of gas power generation in our country is no longer a matter of "whether or not to develop", but a matter of "must develop rapidly". In the future, it is necessary to improve the pricing mechanism, incorporate the regulation and reserve value of gas generators into the electricity pricing system, increase investment in technological research and development, improve the efficiency of low concentration gas utilization, promote the coordinated development of gas generators and new energy, fill the development gap, and make this "waste to treasure" equipment truly become the core force of China's energy transformation and power grid security guarantee.

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