大多数情况下，发电机组的启动困难故障一般为软性故障（非机械部件损坏引发的故障，而机械部件损坏引发的故障相对容易判断）。因此，当发电机组出现启动困难故障后，首先需要判断是油路系统因素还是电路系统因素所致。

　　In most cases, the difficulty in starting a generator set is generally due to soft faults (faults caused by non mechanical component damage, while faults caused by mechanical component damage are relatively easy to diagnose). Therefore, when the generator set experiences difficulty in starting, the first step is to determine whether it is caused by the oil system or the circuit system.

　　第一步：首先确保燃油系统没有空气和不存在漏气点。

　　Step 1: First, ensure that the fuel system has no air and no leakage points.

　　第二步：判断启动机的运转是否正常。如果启动机运转不正常，则说明故障可能是启动系统自身因素（如电量不足或其他因素）所致；一般而言，启动系统自身因素导致的发电机组启动困难故障相对容易判断和解决。而如果启动机运转正常且启动转速也正常，则问题一般不在启动系统，可采取下列措施进一步确定故障点。

　　Step 2: Check if the starter is running normally. If the starter motor is not running properly, it indicates that the fault may be caused by internal factors of the starting system (such as insufficient battery or other factors); Generally speaking, it is relatively easy to identify and solve the difficulties and faults in starting a generator set caused by internal factors of the starting system. If the starter is running normally and the starting speed is also normal, the problem is generally not in the starting system, and the following measures can be taken to further determine the fault point.

　　①在启动机带动发电机组旋转的同时，使用手油泵不停地泵油，如果此时发电机组可以启动，说明故障原因是低压油路系统供油不足。此时，可以进一步在低压油路系统中查找原因（主要是观察低压油路系统是否有渗漏、堵塞或预压不足等因素）。

　　① While the starter drives the generator set to rotate, the manual oil pump keeps pumping oil. If the generator set can start at this time, it indicates that the fault is due to insufficient oil supply in the low-pressure oil system. At this point, the cause can be further investigated in the low-pressure oil system (mainly by observing whether there are leaks, blockages, or insufficient pre pressure factors in the low-pressure oil system).

　　如果使用手油泵不断地泵油，发电机组的启动性能没有任何改善，则问题一般不在低压油路系统；此时应对发电机组的高压油路系统（高压泵、喷油器、共轨及其传感器）、发电机组的电控系统及气缸等部位进行相应的检测。

　　If the manual oil pump continuously pumps oil and there is no improvement in the starting performance of the generator set, then the problem is generally not in the low-pressure oil system; At this time, corresponding inspections should be carried out on the high-pressure oil system of the generator set (high-pressure pump, injector, common rail and its sensors), the electronic control system and cylinders of the generator set.

　　②如果发电机组的燃油系统、启动系统均正常，但发电机组仍然存在启动困难现象，且启动后发电机组运行过程中出现动力不足、烧机油、冒黑烟等异常现象，则故障一般在气缸内部或配气机构或进、排气系统中。主要原因是气缸磨损严重，气门间隙错误，气门机构磨损，气门机械损坏，或进、排气系统堵塞。此类故障的排除需要专业处理。

　　② If the fuel system and starting system of the generator set are normal, but there are still difficulties in starting the generator set, and abnormal phenomena such as insufficient power, oil burning, and black smoke occur during the operation of the generator set after starting, the fault is generally in the cylinder, valve mechanism, or intake and exhaust systems. The main reasons are severe cylinder wear, incorrect valve clearance, worn valve mechanisms, mechanical damage to valves, or blockages in the intake and exhaust systems. The troubleshooting of such faults requires professional handling.

　　③下列现象也可能导致发电机组启动困难：

　　③ The following phenomena may also cause difficulties in starting the generator set:

　　a.进气管存在堵塞（未完全堵死）导致进气不畅。

　　a. The intake pipe is blocked (not completely blocked), resulting in poor air intake.

　　b.排气消声器及排气后处理装置等存在堵塞（未完全堵死）导致排气不畅。

　　b. The exhaust muffler and exhaust after treatment device are blocked (not completely blocked), resulting in poor exhaust.

　　c.电控发电机组的相位传感器（曲轴转速传感器和凸轮轴位置传感器之一）故障可能导致发电机组启动困难（部分机型可能不能启动）。

　　c. The malfunction of the phase sensor (one of the crankshaft speed sensor and camshaft position sensor) of the electronic control generator set may cause difficulty in starting the generator set (some models may not be able to start).

　　d.电控发电机组个别喷油器线束故障、接插件故障或其他传感器故障都可能导致发电机组出现启动困难故障。

　　d. Individual fuel injector harness faults, connector faults, or other sensor faults in the electronic control generator set may cause difficulty in starting the generator set.

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