看冒烟查磨损

Look for smoke and wear

在发动机工作时，打开加机油的口盖，如有一股股浓烟从口盖冒出，说明缸壁活塞环各间隙磨损过大或超限，若各间隙不符合要求应及时修理。打开气门室盖，如有一丝青、白色的烟从气门根部(即气门工作面)冒出，说明气门或气门座磨损过大或烧蚀，或气门间隙过小甚至没有间隙，此时可直接看出哪个气门、哪只汽缸漏气，应及时修理。

When the engine is working, open the oil filler cap. If a stream of thick smoke comes out of the cap, it indicates that the clearance of the cylinder wall piston ring is worn too much or exceeds the limit. If the clearance does not meet the requirements, it should be repaired in time. Open the valve cover, if there is a trace of blue and white smoke emerging from the valve root (i.e. valve working surface), it indicates that the valve or valve seat is excessively worn or ablated, or the valve clearance is too small or even there is no clearance. At this time, it can be directly seen which valve or cylinder has air leakage, and it should be repaired in time.

看积炭查工况

Check the working condition by looking at the carbon deposit

柴油机熄火后，卸下其排气管，检查排气口积炭情况，能够判断柴油机的工况。积炭呈黑灰色，表面像覆盖有一层白霜，积炭层极薄，说明柴油机工况良好;积炭色泽黑亮，但不湿，说明柴油机轻微烧机油，应及时排除。

After the diesel engine stalls, remove its exhaust pipe, check the carbon deposition at the exhaust port, and judge the working condition of the diesel engine. The carbon deposit is black gray, the surface is covered with a layer of white frost, and the carbon deposit layer is extremely thin, indicating that the diesel engine is in good working condition; The carbon deposit is black and bright, but not wet, indicating that the diesel engine burns engine oil slightly, which should be eliminated in time.

排气口积炭厚度明显高于其它缸排气口的，说明该缸喷油器工作不良或汽缸密封性变差，应进行修理或更换;个别排气口湿润或有机油的，说明该缸大量排机油，应进行修理;各缸排气口积炭层均较厚，且色泽较深的，多因工作温度过低，或喷油过晚所致，应正确使用并及时调整。

If the carbon deposit thickness at the exhaust port is significantly higher than that at the exhaust port of other cylinders, it indicates that the fuel injector of the cylinder is in poor operation or the cylinder sealing is poor, and it should be repaired or replaced; If some exhaust ports are wet or have engine oil, it means that the cylinder has a large amount of engine oil and should be repaired; If the carbon deposit layer at the exhaust port of each cylinder is thick and dark, it is mostly caused by too low working temperature or too late oil injection. It should be used correctly and adjusted in time.

看水温查冷却

Check cooling by water temperature

发动机工作时冷却系水温过高(超过100℃，使发动机过热，造成进气不足，并使活塞组与缸壁的摩擦损失急剧上升，机械效率明显降低。因此，要及时保养冷却系，发动机工作1000h后，应清除冷却系中的水垢，还应保持节温器、水泵风扇有良好的技术状态，如有故障要及时排除。

When the engine is working, the water temperature in the cooling system is too high (more than 100 ℃), which overheats the engine, resulting in insufficient air intake, a sharp increase in the friction loss between the piston group and the cylinder wall, and a significant reduction in mechanical efficiency. Therefore, the cooling system should be maintained in time. After the engine is working for 1000h, the scale in the cooling system should be removed, and the thermostat and water pump fan should be kept in good technical condition. If there is any fault, it should be eliminated in time.

看配气查气门

Check the valve

发动机在长期工作中，曲轴、凸轮轴受到不正常的冲击力而产生扭曲变形，正时齿轮、凸轮表面、随动柱和挺杆就会磨损，使进、排气门开闭时间向后推迟而偏离佳配气相位，使充气效率降低，发动机功率下降。因此，要定期检查发动机配气相位，若不符合要求应及时调整。

During the long-term operation of the engine, the crankshaft and camshaft will be distorted due to abnormal impact force, and the timing gear, cam surface, follower column and tappet will be worn, which will delay the opening and closing time of inlet and exhaust valves and deviate from the optimal valve distribution phase, reduce the inflation efficiency and reduce the engine power. Therefore, the valve timing of the engine should be checked regularly. If it does not meet the requirements, it should be adjusted in time.

看冒烟查烟色

Look at the smoke and check the color

焦化发电机组在正常工作时，一般不冒烟或冒一些清淡的灰白色烟，有时用肉眼难以看出，如发动机冒浓烟是发动机有故障的表现，这种故障也会影响发动机功率下降，故应查一查冒烟的颜色。如冒烟是汽缸内油多气少，燃烧不完全的表现;冒蓝烟是缸套和活塞、气门与气门导管等磨损间隙过大，使油底壳内机油窜人燃烧室烧机油的表现;冒白烟是燃油掺水和完全未燃烧的柴油汽化后从排气管冒出，应诊断其原因加以排除。

During normal operation, the coking generator set generally does not emit smoke or some light gray smoke, which is sometimes difficult to see with the naked eye. For example, the engine emitting thick smoke is a sign of engine failure, which will also affect the engine power decline. Therefore, it is necessary to check the color of smoke. For example, smoking is the performance of more oil and less gas in the cylinder and incomplete combustion; Blue smoke is caused by excessive wear clearance between cylinder liners and pistons, valves and valve guides, which causes the oil in the oil pan to flow into the combustion chamber and burn the oil; White smoke is emitted from the exhaust pipe after the fuel is mixed with water and the completely unburned diesel is vaporized. The cause should be diagnosed and eliminated.

看喷油查卡滞

Check whether the fuel injection is stuck

看一看喷油好不好，良好的喷油是不偏射、不滴油、油雾均匀、射程适当，在机体外可听到清脆的"扑哧、扑哧"声，用手抚摸高压油管可感到燃油"振动"感。这种办法也可诊断多缸机"振动"力的大小及无"振动"力的各缸工作情况，必要时，也可结合断缸检查，以便对症排除。

Check whether the fuel injection is good. A good fuel injection is non biased, non dripping, uniform oil mist, and appropriate range. You can hear the clear "puff, puff" sound outside the body. You can feel the "vibration" of the fuel by touching the high-pressure oil pipe with your hand. This method can also diagnose the "vibration" force of multi cylinder engine and the working conditions of each cylinder without "vibration" force. If necessary, it can also be combined with the cylinder breaking inspection to eliminate the symptoms.

看火头查早晚

Look at the fire head sooner or later

看火头是指喷油是否正时，也就是说供油提前角是否符合规定。各型号柴油机在说明书上都注明了各自的供油提前角是多少。

Check whether the fuel injection is timed, that is, whether the fuel supply advance angle meets the requirements. The manual of each model of diesel engine indicates the fuel supply advance angle.

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