First, avoid discharging water too early or not discharging cooling water. Before flameout, run at idle speed. When the temperature of cooling water drops below 60 ℃, the water is not hot, then turn off the engine and drain. If the cooling water is discharged too early, the body will shrink and crack when it is suddenly attacked by cold air at high temperature. The residual water in the body should be completely discharged when discharging, so as to avoid its freezing expansion and make the body burst.

二忌随便选用燃油。冬季低温使柴油的流动性变差，粘度增大，不易喷散，造成雾化不良，燃烧恶化，导致发电机组的动力性和经济性能下降。故冬季应选用凝点低和发火性能好的轻柴油。一般要求柴油机的凝点应低于本地当前季节气温7-10℃。

Second, don't choose fuel at will. The low temperature in winter makes the fluidity of diesel worse, the viscosity increases, and it is not easy to spray, resulting in poor atomization and combustion deterioration, which leads to the decline of power performance and economic performance of the generator set. Therefore, light diesel with low freezing point and good ignition performance should be selected in winter. It is generally required that the freezing point of diesel engine should be 7-10 ℃ lower than the local minimum temperature in current season.

三忌用明火助燃起动。不能把空气滤清器取下，用棉纱蘸上柴油点燃后做成引火物置于进气管内实行助燃启动。这样在启动过程中，外界的含尘空气就会不经过滤而直接吸入气缸内，造成活塞、气缸等零件的异常磨损，还会造成柴油机工作粗暴，损害机器。

Three taboos with open fire combustion starting. Do not remove the air filter, dip the cotton yarn with diesel oil to ignite it, then make a igniter and put it in the intake pipe to start combustion. In this way, during the start-up process, the outside dusty air will be directly inhaled into the cylinder without filtering, causing abnormal wear of piston, cylinder and other parts, and causing rough operation of diesel engine and damage to the machine.

四忌用明火烘烤油底壳。以免使油底壳内的机油变质，甚至烧焦，润滑性能降低或完全丧失，从而加剧机器磨损。冬季应选用低凝点的机油，启动时可采用机外水浴加温的方法来提高机油温度。

Do not bake the oil pan with open fire. In order to avoid the deterioration of the oil in the oil pan, or even scorch, the lubrication performance is reduced or completely lost, thus aggravating the wear of the machine. The engine oil with low freezing point should be selected in winter, and the method of external water bath heating can be used to increase the engine oil temperature when starting.

五忌启动方法不当。冬季，有的人为能够快速启动发电机组，常采用无水启动（先启动，后加冷却水）的非正常启动方法。这种做法会对机器造成严重损害，应禁止使用。

Five taboos: improper starting method. In winter, some people are able to start the generator set quickly, and often use the abnormal starting method without water (start first, then add cooling water). This method will cause serious damage to the machine and should be prohibited.

正确的预热方法是：先将保温被罩在水箱上，打开放水阀，向水箱内连续注入60-70℃的清洁软水，用手触摸放水阀流出的水有烫手感觉时，再关闭放水阀，向水箱灌入90-100℃的清洁软水，并摇转曲轴，使各运动件得到适当预先润滑，然后再行启动。

The correct preheating method is: first cover the heat preservation quilt on the water tank, open the drain valve, and continuously inject 60-70 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank. When the water flowing out of the drain valve feels hot, close the drain valve, and then pour 90-100 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank, and rotate the crankshaft to make the moving parts properly pre lubricated, and then start.

六忌低温负荷作业。发电机组启动着火后，有些人迫不及待地立即投入负荷作业。着火不久的发电机组，由于机体温度低，机油粘度大，机油不易充入运动副的摩擦表面，会引起机器严重磨损。另外，柱塞弹簧、气门弹簧和喷油器弹簧由于“冷脆”也容易断裂。故冬季发电机组启动着火后，应以低中速空转几分钟，等冷却水温度达到60℃时，再投入负荷作业。

Six avoid low temperature load operation. After the generator set started and caught fire, some people couldn't wait to put into load operation immediately. Because of the low temperature and high viscosity of the engine oil, it is not easy for the engine oil to fill into the friction surface of the moving pair, which will cause serious wear of the machine. In addition, plunger spring, valve spring and injector spring are easy to break due to "cold and brittle". Therefore, after the generator set starts up and catches fire in winter, it should idle for a few minutes at low and medium speed, and then put into load operation when the cooling water temperature reaches 60 ℃.

七忌不注意机体保温。冬季气温低，容易使发电机组工作时冷却过度。故保温是冬季用好发电机组的关键。在北方地区，冬天使用的发电机组都应配备保温套和保温帘等防寒设备。

Seven taboos do not pay attention to the body insulation. Because of the low temperature in winter, it is easy to over cool the generator set. Therefore, thermal insulation is the key to make good use of generator set in winter. In the northern region, the generator set used in winter should be equipped with insulation sleeve and curtain and other cold proof equipment.